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軍團(tuán)菌檢測(cè)試劑盒（免疫捕獲法）

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【公司名稱】 廣州健侖生物科技有限公司
【】    楊永漢 
【】 
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經(jīng)過(guò)反復(fù)試驗(yàn)，研究人員zui終發(fā)現(xiàn)了這第二個(gè)基因，即存在于大腦中的特殊tRNAs中的GTPBP2——tRNAs的作用是幫助DNA翻譯成蛋白。這種tRNA基因的突變會(huì)引起核糖體停止在一個(gè)特殊的DNA序列上，減慢蛋白合成過(guò)程。
研究人員指出，由于這項(xiàng)研究采用的遺傳背景是用于構(gòu)建其他人類(lèi)疾病模型，因此采用這種小鼠模型的研究人員也要多加注意。
杜克大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的科學(xué)家在HIV感染的人中發(fā)現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生廣譜中和抗體的一種免疫機(jī)制。這項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果在很大程度上是HIV疫苗誘導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生有效的中和抗體的關(guān)鍵。相關(guān)文章發(fā)表于2014年7月24日的《Cell》雜志上。該研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，兩種不同的B細(xì)胞譜系抗體聯(lián)手，刺激備受追捧的廣譜中和抗體對(duì)抗HIV。該研究組由杜克大學(xué)艾滋病毒/艾滋病疫苗免疫學(xué)，免疫原發(fā)現(xiàn)(CHAVI-ID)中心杜克大學(xué)人類(lèi)疫苗研究所的主任巴頓·海恩斯，以及該疫苗研究中心的國(guó)家過(guò)敏和傳染病研究所(NIAID)的主任John Mascola醫(yī)學(xué)博士所的。
海恩斯說(shuō)，這些可中和多種hiv病毒株的抗體的激活是是一個(gè)性疫苗的關(guān)鍵策略。高水平的這種抗體在約20%的艾滋病毒感染者中產(chǎn)生。
去年，該研究組在Nature雜志上*描述廣譜中和抗體(bnAbs)的共同進(jìn)化，以及病毒激活感染者內(nèi)的這些抗體?，F(xiàn)在，同樣的研究小組報(bào)告了患者體內(nèi)的免疫系統(tǒng)的B細(xì)胞學(xué)會(huì)中和許多種HIV病毒株的確切機(jī)制。
在這項(xiàng)新研究中，科學(xué)家驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，一個(gè)輔助的中和抗體組和交叉反應(yīng)中和抗體合作，產(chǎn)生一套強(qiáng)而有力的廣譜中和抗體。其他輔助譜系包含與導(dǎo)致感染的病毒中和的抗體。

這種抗體靶向病毒的外膜區(qū)域，該區(qū)域也能夠與廣譜中和抗體結(jié)合。在這樣做時(shí)，輔助譜系抗體選擇具有較強(qiáng)能力的病毒刺激廣譜中和抗體系。
因此，一組抗體選擇一組病毒逃逸突變體“教導(dǎo)”廣譜中和抗體系如何中和HIV變種。科學(xué)家推測(cè)，這個(gè)過(guò)程會(huì)反復(fù)發(fā)生在整個(gè)感染中，導(dǎo)致中和多種HIV毒株的抗體譜的產(chǎn)生。
“一個(gè)bnAb譜系的成熟可以通過(guò)輔助譜系來(lái)提升的這一發(fā)現(xiàn)，對(duì)艾滋病疫苗的發(fā)展有著重要的影響，”文章*作者、杜克大學(xué)人類(lèi)疫苗研究所Feng Gao博士說(shuō)。“來(lái)自于初始傳播/原始病毒的免疫原的反復(fù)免疫，以及逃避變體與bnAb譜系具有更高的結(jié)合能力，都可能需要激活bnAbs。”
“下一步是要在能夠產(chǎn)生廣譜中和抗體的其他個(gè)體中進(jìn)行類(lèi)似的研究，并確定誘導(dǎo)這種抗體的其他特異性是一個(gè)普遍的機(jī)制，” 海恩斯說(shuō)。“然后，zui終證明，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可用于設(shè)計(jì)可誘導(dǎo)廣譜中和抗體的免疫原。”
利用這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果，該研究模仿自然感染艾滋病毒的光譜中和抗體發(fā)展，已經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)出一種疫苗免疫原，有選擇性地觸發(fā)產(chǎn)生抗體的B細(xì)胞進(jìn)行合作，產(chǎn)生廣譜中和抗體。
隨著癌癥的發(fā)育，正常的血液供給慢慢不能滿足其需求，因此過(guò)度生長(zhǎng)的腫瘤組織吸收的氧氣量就會(huì)比正常組織少，這種低氧環(huán)境稱之為缺氧狀態(tài)，缺氧狀態(tài)往往和不同類(lèi)型的惡性腫瘤的發(fā)生相關(guān)。
這項(xiàng)研究中研究人員利用結(jié)腸癌組織進(jìn)行研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，缺氧條件可以誘發(fā)關(guān)鍵的腫瘤抑制基因MLH1發(fā)生沉默;與此同時(shí)研究人員也發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種名為L(zhǎng)SD1的酶類(lèi)，這種酶是一種賴氨酸特殊的脫甲基酶，酶類(lèi)LSD1連同MLH1都可以作為逆轉(zhuǎn)或者阻斷沉默過(guò)程的靶點(diǎn);由于LSD1是一種特殊酶類(lèi)，因此科學(xué)家們可以利用小分子對(duì)其產(chǎn)生的靶向作用來(lái)抑制其活性。

After trial and error, the researchers finally discovered the second gene, the role of GTPBP2 - tRNAs in specific tRNAs found in the brain, to help translate DNA into proteins. This tRNA gene mutation causes the ribosome to stop on a particular DNA sequence, slowing the protein synthesis process.
Researchers noted that as the genetic background used in this study was to build other human disease models, researchers using this mouse model should pay more attention.
Scientists at Duke University School of Medicine found in HIV-infected humans an immune mechanism that produces broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies. The results of this study are to a large extent the key to the generation of effective neutralizing antibodies by HIV vaccines. The article appeared in the July 24, 2014 "Cell" magazine. The team found that two different B-cell lineage antibodies work in tandem to stimulate the highly sought-after broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies against HIV. The research team was led by Barton Haynes, director of the Duke University HIV Vaccine Immunology, Duke University Center for Human Immunization Discovery (CHAVI-ID) Center at Duke University, and the National Allergy and Infectious Diseases Led by John Mascola, MD, director of the Institute (NIAID).
Haynes said the activation of antibodies that neutralize multiple hiv strains is a key strategy for a global vaccine. High levels of this antibody are produced in about 20% of HIV-infected individuals.
Last year, the team first described in Nature the co-evolution of broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), and the virus activates these antibodies in infected individuals. The same team now reports on the exact mechanism by which B cells in the immune system in a patient learn to neutralize many of the HIV strains.
In this new study, scientists were surprised to find that a co-neutralizing antibody group works with cross-reacting neutralizing antibodies to produce a robust set of broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies. Other accessory lineages contain antibodies that neutralize the virus that causes the infection.

This antibody targets the outer membrane region of the virus, which is also capable of binding to a broad spectrum of neutralizing antibodies. In doing so, the accessory lineage antibody selects a more competent virus to stimulate the broad-spectrum neutralizing antibody system.
Thus, a panel of antibodies selected from a group of virus escape mutants "teaches" how broad-spectrum neutralizing antigens neutralize HIV variants. Scientists speculate that this process occurs repeatedly throughout the infection, resulting in the production of antibody profiles that neutralize multiple HIV strains.
"The discovery that the maturation of a bnAb lineage can be enhanced by ancillary lineages has a significant impact on the development of an AIDS vaccine," said lead author Feng Gao, PhD, of Duke University's Human Vaccine Institute. "Repeated immunizations from immunogens that originate / originate the virus, and the ability of escape variants to bind to the bnAb lineage, may require the activation of bnAbs."
"The next step is to do similar research in other individuals that are capable of producing broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies and to establish that other specificities that induce such antibodies are a common mechanism," Haines said. "And then it turns out that this finding can be used to design immunogens that induce broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies."
Using the results of this study, which mimicked the development of neutralizing antibodies in naturally infected HIV, a vaccine immunogen has been designed that selectively triggers the production of antibody-producing B cells to produce broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies.
With the development of cancer, the normal blood supply slowly can not meet their needs, so excessive growth of tumor tissue to absorb oxygen than the normal tissue less, this hypoxic environment called hypoxia, hypoxia often And different types of malignancies related to the occurrence.
In this study, researchers using colon cancer tissue research found that hypoxia can induce key tumor suppressor gene MLH1 silence; at the same time researchers also found a class called LSD1 enzymes, this enzyme is a Species of lysine-specific demethylase, enzymes LSD1 together with MLH1 can be used as reversing or blocking the process of silencing the target; because LSD1 is a special enzyme, so scientists can make use of small molecules on their target To act to inhibit its activity.